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(No ModeL) 4 Sheets-Sheet; 1., 1

A. PORBES.' MACHINE FOR TREATING PAPER PULP. No. 244,220. Patented'July12,1881.

FIG.2.

N4 PETERS, Photvlilhographar. Washington. 0.0

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 2.

. A. FORBES. MAOHINE FOR TREATING PAPER PULP. No. 244,220. Patented July12,1881.

N4 PETERS. PhnYvUthagmyhen Washinginn. D. c.

(No Model.) I 4 Sheets-SheetB.

A. FORBES.

MACHINE FOR TREATING PAPER PULP. 7

No. 244,220. Patented July 12,1881.

FIG.7.

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 4. A. FORBES. MACHINE FOR TREATING PAPERPULP.

No. 244,220. 7 Patented July 12,1881

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFIcE.

ALEXANDER FORBES, OF DALKEITH, COUNTY OF MID-LOTHIAN, SCOTLAND.

MACHINE FOR TREATING PAPER-PULP.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 244,220, dated July 12,1881. Application filed May 23, 18B]. (No model.) Patented inEnglandFebruary 17, 1880.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, ALEXANDER FORBES, a subject of the Queen of GreatBritain and Ireland, and residing at Dalkeith, county of Mid- Lothian,Scotland, have invented certain Improvements in Washing, Breaking, andBeating Engines or Machines for Treating Paper- Pulp, (for which I haveobtained a patent in Great Britain, No. 692, dated February 17, 1880,)of which the following is a specification.

This invention relates to a new or improved construction of washing,breaking, and beating engine or machine used in the manufacture ofpaper-pulp for washing or extracting lyes or other impurities andcutting, beating, or reducing the boiled or semi-prepared fibrousmaterial to the requisite consistency of pulp for making paper; and itis specially designed to produce a continuous circulation and completeassimilation or mixing of the pulp material under treatment.

The improved machine is illustrated by the accompanying four sheets ofdrawings, of which Figure l on Sheet 1 is a longitudinal verticalsection, and Fig. 2 is a plan. Fig. 3 on Sheet 2 is a side elevation,and Fig. 4 is a transverse vertical section at the line 1 l in Fig. 3.Figs. 5 and 6 on Sheet 2 are detailed vertical and horizontal sections,showing the mechanism for adjusting the position of the cutting-rolls D;and Figs. 7 and 8 on Sheet 3 are an elevation and plan of the mechanismfor lifting the washers 0 out of action. Fig. 9 on Sheet 3 and Fig. 10on Sheet 4 are plan views, showing slightly-modified arrangements of theimproved machine.

The improved machine consists of an elongated cast metal or wooden tubor vat, having the usual fittings for supplying pure water and drawingoff the pulp, and of any suitable depth and size, in which the boiled orsemi-prepared pulp material is placed. This vat A is fitted with twolongitudinal partitions, A, (which may be either solid or hollow, asrepresented in Figs. 2 and 9, respectively,) of about the full height ofthe vat, and carried to within a suitable distance of each end, so as todivide the vat A into three separate sections or channels, a a a,instead of, as hitherto, being divided into two sections by a centralpartition only. The central or mid channel, a, thus formed by thepartitions, which is preferably wider than either of the others, a a,has an improved lifting, circulating, and mixing paddle or wheel, B,fitted near one end in it, to revolve on a transverse axis or spindle,I), carried in j ournalbearings b on each side of the vat-framing A, anddriven by a spur-wheel, b, on it in gear with and actuated by aspur-pinion, b, on a transverse shaft, W. This shaft 1) is carried inbearing-brackets beneath the vat A, and hasa pulley, 12 on its otherend, to be driven by a belt from a motive-power shaft. Thismixing-paddle B is made in the form of a cylinder, with four, six, ormore longitudinal conoidal or tapered segments, B, cut out of theperiphery, and the ridges or paddles B left are thus made or set inplanes inclined successively at reverse angles to one side and the otherof the axis of revolution. A flange, B, is formed or fitted at thenarrow end of each segmental space B, so that the paddle B, during itsrevolution, lifts the pulp material in the segmental spaces 13 from thecentral channel, a, at both sides up a curved incline at A", anddelivers it, as shown by the arrows, alternately toward each of thesides a a, in front of the paddle B, on an inverted V or double inclineddividing board or bridge, a, at the end of the vat A, leading toward theopposite side channels, a-that is, the pulp from the left-hand side ofthe mid-channel a is delivered into the opposite or right-hand sidechannel, a, and vice versa. The material lifted is led or flows down andround the ends of the partitions A to the two sides or outer channels, aa, an equal portion into each, then continuing to flow along thechannels a a in the same direction through below the washing-paddles Gand cutting or breaking rolls D,which are placed in them, to the otherend of the vat A, where the two streams or currents of pulp meet at a,are partially intermixed or assimilated by collision at this end, andthence flow back or return through the central channel, (1, toward thelifting and mixing paddle B at the opposite end, Where the sameoperation is repeated continuously. The pulp material presented to theaction of the washing paddles and cutting rolls or drums is thuscontinuously mixed and changed across from side to side of the channels,in-

stead of, as in the old forms of pulp-beating engines or machines,traveling round the central partition in one channel always in the sameparallel lines or orbits, with the result that the inner or centralportions were unduly broken or ground and the outer portionsinsufficiently acted on. The ends of the vat or engine A are curved atall the corners A and in toward the center at A to deflect and mix thecurrent at one end and separate or divide the pulp of the centralchannel into two portions at the other end, and thus cause more completeintermixing of the material.

The rolls or drums D,in which the knives d are fixed for cutting,breaking, or beating the raw or crude fibrous material, are fitted,whentwo rolls are used, one in each side channel, a, of the vat A, near theend removed from the lifting-paddle B, on separate spindles D, (butthese rolls might be on one revolving shaft,) carried in jonrnal-bearing blocks D supported on brackets A formed on the outer sides of the vatA, and actuated in the usual manner by belts and pulleys D or othermotive or transmittinggear, both shafts being made to revolve in thesame direction. The pulp passes along the side channels, a; preferablyup a slightlyinclined plane, a, (shown dotted in Figs. and 3,) towardand under the rolls D, between them and the usual fixed knife or cutterplates, D immediately below, from which the pulp falls either direct orflows down an incline or declivity, a quite to and round the end of thevat, whereitreturnsbythecentralchanneha. When two rolls are used anarrangement of mechanism is provided for enabling these two rolls D tobe raised or lowered simultaneously, and to be adjusted vertically tocut the fiber to any desired degree of fineness, as with one roll. Forthis purpose the journal bush-bearings D of the roll-spindles D are madecapable of sliding vertically in their brackets or plumber-blocks D,somewhat similar to those now in use, but with the difference that theyare made to rest on a pair of levers, E, jointed at their outer ends byeccen tric-pins cin theblocks D, and at their inner ends connected bylinks Ewith a screw-nut,e,through which. a screwshaft, e,passes and isturned to raise or lower this nut e, and with it the levers E androllspindles D, for the adjustment of the kniferolls. The screw-spindlee is turned by means of a bevel-pinion, 0 on a transverse shaft, E,carried by pillars E and actuated by the handwheel E at one side. Thescrew-shaft c is formed with a reverse or left-hand screw, 0 at thelower end, on which a nut, 0 and buckle e are fitted. The object of thisarrangement is to regulate the position of the rolls D and knife-plate Dand prevent accident to the knife-plate or knife-rolls by lowering therolls too far. When the screw-shaft e is turned to lower the rolls thesame action raises the nut 6 until it comes in contact with the lowerside of the framing of the vat and jams or prevents further turning orlowering of the rolls D. The nut e is kept from turning by a transversebuckle-plate,e (Shown particularly in Fig. 5.) The joint-pins c of thelever E are fitted as eccentrics which can be turned round to raise orlower the outer end of either of the levers E slightly independently ofthe other and its roll 1), or only one end of its roll, and so adjust itto suit any unequal wear of the knives (1 or knife-plates D".

Fig. 5 is a side elevation, and Fig. 6 is a horizontal section, showingone of the eccentric joint-pins e and holding-nut e of the levers E,which fit and turn in hearings in the framin g of the machine. Themiddlepart, a, of each pin 0, which fits into the eye E in the end ofeach lever E, is eccentric to the center of rotation in the bearing, sothat by turning the pins 0 a part of a revolution in the one directionor the other the ends of the levers Eare raised or lowered to a slightdegree, but each independently of the other. The pins may be turned by aworm and screw-wheel, or by a screw-key applied to a square on theirouter ends, and either fixed in their adjusted position by jam-nuts orby the form of differential nut 0 shown in Fig. 6, which is octagonalinside, where it fits on the end of the joint-pin 0, but hexagonaloutside,where it is fitted into a corresponding recess in the framing,(or any other polygonal form might be used,) so as to give a very fineadjustment, the mode of adjusting and fixing the eccentric-pins a beingto withdraw the nut 0 turn the pin 0 in one direction to its requiredposition, and reapply the nut 0 By moving the pin 0 one-eighth part of arevolution to the left, and then moving the nut c with the pin 0one-sixth part of a revolution to theright,a differential advance of onetwenty-fourth part of a revolution to the right is obtained and the pin0 is fixed in the advanced position.

In setting the rolls D to their respective under plates or knives, D,the hand-wheel is turned until one roll D exactly touches the underplate, D*; then the second roll D is lowered, if necessary, by means ofthe eccentricpin 0 until it touches the under plates or knives, D". Ifno such adjusting mechanism is provided,any unequal wear, either in theknives of the rolls D, or the knives of the under plates, D", or in thebearings of the shafts, would produce the result that the two rollswould not be equidistant from their respective plates or under knives,D", the consequence of which would be that the pulp would be unequallytreated. The two rolls D are lifted simultaneously by simply turning onehand-wheel, E, which obviates the possibility of the attendant havingone roll working lower than the othera result which must happen (more orless) if the two rolls are moved each by independent mechanism, ashitherto applied to the old type of engines having more than one roll.

In the improved machine two or more revolving paddle-washers or washingand draining apparatus, 0, are employed. Two may be fitted on atransverse'horizontal spindle, 0, revolving in journal-bearings c, whichare fitted on bracket-standards c on each side of the 5 vat-frame A,placed one in each of the two side or outer channels,a a,in a positionbetween the cutting-rolls D and the lifting-paddle end of the vat, anddriven by a belt from the shaft 1) of the lifting-paddle B. Thesepaddle-washersO are not made cylindrical, as usual, but are formed witha number of hollow scoop-shaped vanes, buckets, or paddles, C, (as fromthree to six in number,) extending from the central boss or shaft, 0,outward the 5 full breadth of the washer G and side channel, a, andclose and curved at the back, so as to lift the water from thecircumference to the center inside while driving the pulp forward towardthe cutting-rolls D. These vanes or buckets 0 are fitted withreversely-curved or fiat open metal gratings or bars in front, coveredover with wire-cloth or other suitable material at O, to act as sievesor drainers. The buckets O, in entering through the pulp, par- 2 5tially drive itforward, and also lift it, and the water in the pulp isforced or drained through the wire-cloth O, and, flowing down the innersides of the curved buckets 0, passes out at the center 0 into the openeye 0 formed or fitted in each of the dividing-partitions A of the vatA.These paddle-washers O 0, when not being used for washing purposes, maystill be kept in action during the. beating process,

to thicken the pulp in front of the rolls; or they may be lifted orraised quite out of the circulating pulp by an automatic arrangement.For this latter purpose the bearingbushes G of the washerspindle c arefitted in vertical slots 0 in their carrying standards or brackets c, inwhich the washer-spindle ccan be raised by means of crank-disks F andconnecting-rods F, attached to their )ins and to the outer ends of thespindle 0. he crankdisks F are fitted on a transverse shaft, F,

carried at the top of the side standards, 0, and are turned to aboutone-half revolution to raise the washer 0 clear of the pulp by means ofa screwwheel, f, on the shaft F, actuated by a screw, f, at the upperend of a vertical 0 or inclined spindle, f, the lower end of which isfitted with a bevel-pinion, f in gear with a corresponding pinion on theshort axis f carried by a bracket, O, on the standard 0, and having onit afast and loose pulley, gg, driven by a belt, 9, from similarpulleys, g g, on the endof the shaftb of thelifting-paddleB, which canbe brought into action, when desired, by shifting the belt on the fastpulleys g 9 as shown in Fig. 2; or this action maybe effected with aclutch on the back of the bevel-wheel f, as shown in Figs. 7 and 8 ofthe drawings. The modification of the improved machine shown in Fig. 9differs from that shown in Figs. 1,2,3, and 4 in having the partitions Amade hollow to contain the operating-gearing, and in having anadditional washer, O, placed in the central channel, a.

For small sizes of engines it is preferred to .have one cutting-rollinstead of two. This roll is placed in the center channel, a, as shownin Fig. 10, provision being made to allow the bottom plate or fixedknives to be drawn or taken out at the front side of the engine.

The lifting gear or mechanism for the single roll may be the same asone-half of the doubleroll gear, with the exception that theeccentricpins e are not required at all.

The washers, with their lifting-gear, are in all respects the same foran engine with one roll as for an engine with two rolls.

What I claim as my invention, and desire to secure by Letters Patent ofthe United States, is

1. The construction and arrangement of washing, breaking, and beatingengines or machines for treating paper-pulp, with the vat A, dividedinto three circulating-channels, a, a a, fitted with the revolvinglifting and mixing or circulating paddle B, drum washer or washers O,and cutting roll or rolls D, substan- 9o tially as and for the purposesherein specified.

2. In paper-pulp or fiber washing, breaking, and beating engines ormachines, the construction and use of the revolving lifting and mixingor circulating paddle B, fitted in combina- 5 tion with the circulatingchannels a a, and having its floats or paddles B made or set atanglesinclined successively in reverse directions to the axis of revolution,substantially as and for the purposes herein set forth. I00

3. In paper-pulp or fiber washing, breaking, and beating engines ormachines, the construction and use of the revolving drum or paddlewashers O, with curved acting wire-cloth surfaces O, substantially asand for the purposes herein set forth.

4. The arrangement or combination of the crank or crank-disk F andconnecting-rods F, operated by the shaft F and screw-gearingfff, allforming the mechanism for rais- 1 1o ing the drum-washers 0 out ofaction, sub stantially as herein described.

5. The arrangement of the levers E, having the eccentric joint-pins c,with their differential holding-nuts e for the separate adjustment 1 I 5of the cutting-rolls D, in combination with the screw-gearin g e e,actuated by a single handwheel, E, and shaft E, for simultaneouslyraising or lowering the cutting-rolls D, and in combination with thescrew 0, the safety-nut r20 6 and buckle 0 for regulating the degree ofcutting or friction between the cutting-rolls D and the bottom knives,D".

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in thepresence of 12 5 two subscribing witnesses.

ALEX. FORBES.

Witnesses:

WALLACE FAIRWEATHER, ALEX. MEIKLEJON.

